Tense
Any activity or action in our life is related to a time and that definition of times is called Tense
We can organize an action in three parts of time. E.g
1. Present
2. Past
3. Future
Example:
I write a letter. (Present Time)
I wrote a letter (past time)
I shall write a letter (Future time)
In other words an action is bound of a time that reflects in the above mentioned examples. When we say ‘I write’ the time which reflects is present time. In the same way when we say ‘I wrote’ the time depicts the action of past time. So it defines the action which took place earlier. Similarly when we say ‘I shall write’ the action is an announcement of future time that is to come after a period of time.
Thus a tense is classified as:
1.Present tense
2. Past tense
3. Future tense
Of each tense there are different forms:
1.Simple – I freeze, I ground, I shall cost
2.Continuous- I am writing, I was writing, I shall be writing
3.Perfect- I have written, I had written, I shall have written
4.Perfect continuous- I have been writing, I had been writing , I shall have been writing
The structure/patterns of each of the forms of tense are given below.
A)Simple/Indefinite:
i)Present: subject (s) + Verb (v) in root or –s/-es form.
Example:
She comes back next week.
Examination comes off in November.
Rana does not read at home.
ii)Past: S + V (past tense form)
Example:
I saw a little bird.
We lived at Jorhat.
iii)Future : S + shall/will + V (root form)
Example:
I shall go home.
He will come here.
B)Continuous:
i)Present: S + am/is/are + V – ing
Example:
She is coming here next morning.
ii)Past: S + was/were + V – ing
Example:
He was reading a book.
He was playing football
iii)Future: S + shall/will + be + V – ing
Example:
You will be writing then.
They will be returning home in the morning.
C)Perfect:
i)Present: S + Have/ Has + Verb ( Past Participle )
Example:
He has eaten the mango.
I have done the sum.
ii)Past : S + Had + Verb (past participle)
Example:
He had left before you come.
iii)Future: S + Shall/will + Have + Verb (past Participle)
D)Perfect continuous:
i) Present: S + have/has + been + V-ing
Example:
I have been suffering from fever since Friday last.
Has he not been doing sums for an hour?
ii)Past: S + had +been + V –ing
Example:
It had been raining for three days.
He had been living in Calcutta for two years before he died.
iii)Future: S + shall/will + have + been + V-ing
SOME EXERCISE QUESTIONS
1. He usually (write) in the green ink.
2. The man just (finish) the work.
3. I (wait) here for my friend since 5 o’clock.
4. I (do) the work before he came.
5. Ram went after Jadu (come).
6. The boy (go) to market when his friend called him.
7. The man (go) to Shillong on Monday next.
8. I already (finish) the work.
9. My friend (not see) me for a long time.
10. I (read) it by next week.
11. The man said that he (go) to Calcutta.
12. I (go) if he comes
13. When you reach the station the train already (leave)
14. She (go) to Shillong yesterday
15. The baby (cry) because he is hungry now.
16. When I went out in the morning my little sister (sleep)
17. My brother always (go) to school by bus.
18. If you (go) there, you would have met him.
19. If had been present, he (do) this.
20. I (reward) you if you stand first.
21. He (kill) in the last war.
22. He will not meet me if he (come) tomorrow.
23. I (not see) him since yesterday.
24. He died after he (be) ill for a long time.
25. The cow (live) on grass.
26. I (be) here for two hours.
27. No sooner he (reach) the station that the train left.
28. My sister always (sing) in the morning.
29. I have walked the whole day and now I (take) a rest.
30. She meet him last week.
31. When you come in I (write).
EXERCISE QUESTIONS ANSWER
1.ANS:- He usually writes in green ink.
2.ANS:- The man has just finished the work.
3.ANS:- I have been waiting here for my friend since 5 o’clock.
4.ANS:- I had done the work before he came.
5.ANS:- Ram went after Jadu had come.
6.ANS:- The boy had gone to market when his friend called him.
7.ANS:- The man will go to Shillong on Monday next.
8.ANS:- I have already finished the work.
9.ANS:- My friend had not seen me for many years.
10.ANS:- I shall have read it by next week.
11.ANS:- The man said that he had gone to Calcutta.
12.ANS:- I shall go if he comes.
13.ANS:- When he reached the station the train had already left.
14.ANS:- She went to Shillong to yesterday.
15.ANS The baby is crying because he is hungry now.
16.ANS:- When I went out in the morning my little sister was sleeping.
17.ANS:- My brother always goes to school by bus.
18.ANS:- If you had gone there you would have meet him.
19.ANS:- If I had been present he would not have done it.
20.ANS:- I shall reward you if stand first.
21.ANS:- He was killed in the last war.
22.ANS:- He will not meet me if he comes tomorrow.
23.ANS:- I have not seen him since yesterday.
24.ANS:- He died after he had been ill for a long time.
25.ANS:- The cow lives on grass.
26.ANS:- I have been here for two hours.
27.ANS:- No sooner has he reached the station then the train left.
28.ANS:- My sister always sings in the morning.
29.ANS:- I have walked the whole day and now I am taking rest.
30.ANS:- She met him last week.
31.ANS:- When you came in I was writing.
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